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The Four Pillars of Investing: Lessons for Building a Winning Portfolio Hardcover – International Edition, April 26, 2002
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Sound, sensible advice from a hero to frustrated investors everywhere
William Bernstein's The Four Pillars of Investing gives investors the tools they need to construct top-returning portfolios--without the help of a financial adviser. In a relaxed, nonthreatening style, Dr. Bernstein provides a distinctive blend of market history, investing theory, and behavioral finance, one designed to help every investor become more self-sufficient and make better-informed investment decisions. The 4 Pillars of Investing explains how any investor can build a solid foundation for investing by focusing on four essential lessons, each building upon the other. Containing all of the tools needed to achieve investing success, without the help of a financial advisor, it presents:
- Practical investing advice based on fascinating history lessons from the market
- Exercises to determine risk tolerance as an investor
- An easy-to-understand explanation of risk and reward in the capital markets
- Print length316 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherMcGraw-Hill
- Publication dateApril 26, 2002
- Dimensions6.4 x 1.3 x 9.3 inches
- ISBN-100071385290
- ISBN-13978-0071385299
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Editorial Reviews
Review
From the Back Cover
"A TRIUMPH! Bill Bernstein's new book offers sound principles, unvarnished history, and unmatched understanding of the process of successful investing. It is my candidate for the best investment book of 2002."--John C. Bogle, Founder and Former Chairman, The Vanguard Group, Author, John Bogle on Investing
William Bernstein has carved out a reputation as one of the most brutally honest, yet consistently accurate, voices in today's financial wilderness. In The Four Pillars of Investing, Dr. Bernstein explains how any independent investor can construct a superior investment portfolio by learning these four essentials:
- The Theory of Investing"Do not expect high returns without risks."
- The History of Investing"About once every generation, the markets go barking mad. If you are unprepared, you are sure to fail."
- The Psychology of Investing"Identify the era's conventional wisdom and assume that it is wrong. More often than not, it is."
- The Business of Investing"The stockbroker services his clients in the same way that Bonnie and Clyde serviced banks."
From the essential soundness of classic portfolio theory through the inherent wisdom of investing in multiple asset classes, The Four Pillars of Investing focuses on the four fundamental topics that every investor must understand--and presents an easy-to-follow, step-by-step program for achieving long-term investing success.
"Bernstein is little known. But that's changing, and the sooner you get to know him, the better off your retirement portfolio is likely to be."--Robert Barker, Columnist, BusinessWeek
William Bernstein's first book--The Intelligent Asset Allocator--remains one of the most honored investment books of recent times. Hailed by national publications, including BusinessWeek, and by independent investment icons, including Vanguard founder John Bogle, it has become an instant classic for its well-researched analyses and rules for successful investing.
Now, in the commonsense investor's guide The Four Pillars of Investing, Bernstein returns with the knowledge and tools investors need to assemble low-risk, winning portfolios without professional advice. This down-to-earth book lays out in easy-to-understand prose the four essential topics that every investor must master--the relationship of risk and reward, the history of the market, the psychology of the investor and the market, and the folly of taking financial advice from investment salespeople. It pulls back the curtain to reveal what really goes on in today's financial industry as it outlines a simple program for building wealth while controlling risk.
Straightforward in its presentation and generous in its real-life examples, The Four Pillars of Investing presents a no-nonsense discussion of:
- The art and science of mixing different asset classes into an effective blend
- The dangers of actively picking stocks, as opposed to investing in the whole market
- Behavioral finance and how state of mind can adversely affect decision making
- Why the mutual fund and brokerage industries, instead of your partners, are often your most direct competitors
- Strategies for managing all of your assets--savings, 401(k)s, home equity--as one portfolio
Investing is not a destination. It is a journey, lined with stockbrokers, journalists, and mutual fund companies whose interests are diametrically opposed to yours. The Four Pillars of Investing shows you how, with relatively little effort, you can determine your own financial direction and assemble an investment program with the sole goal of building long-term wealth for yourself and your family.
About the Author
William Bernstein, Ph.D., M.D., has become a grassroots hero to independent investors everywhere. He has made a name for himself by questioning the value of Wall Street wisdom, skewering the recommendations of self-serving stockbrokers, and showing legions of investors how to successfully manage their own investments with intelligence and long-term vision. Bernstein is the author of The Intelligent Asset Allocator, editor of the quarterly asset allocation journal Efficient Frontier,founder of the popular website EfficientFrontier.com, and a principal in Efficient Frontier Advisors. He is often quoted in national publications, including The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, Money, and Forbes.
Product details
- Publisher : McGraw-Hill
- Publication date : April 26, 2002
- Edition : 1st
- Language : English
- Print length : 316 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0071385290
- ISBN-13 : 978-0071385299
- Item Weight : 1.45 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.4 x 1.3 x 9.3 inches
- Part of series : PERSONAL FINANCE & INVESTMENT
- Best Sellers Rank: #580,632 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #511 in Introduction to Investing
- #2,115 in Economics (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

William Bernstein has authored several best-selling books on finance and history, is often quoted in the national financial media, and has written for Morningstar, Money Magazine, and The Wall Street Journal. His title on the history of world trade, A Splendid Exchange, was short-listed for the 2008 Financial Times/Goldman Sachs best business book award, and was designated a best book of the year by the Economist. He was the 2017 recipient of the CFA Institute's James Vertin Award for financial research.
Customer reviews
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Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonCustomers say
Customers find this investment book presents important concepts and contains reasonable advice, making it essential reading for investors. Moreover, the book is thorough and readable, with simple explanations and a logical structure. Additionally, customers appreciate its broad scope, covering wide diversification and providing enough depth, while effectively addressing costs. Customers also find the book engaging and entertaining.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers praise the book's information quality, noting that it presents important concepts in investing and contains reasonable advice. One customer highlights its excellent discussion of index funds, while another mentions it serves as a mandatory textbook for investment analysis classes.
"...portfolio that, because of its wide diversification and minimal expense, will prove superior to most professionally managed accounts."" Read more
"...This is emphasized so strongly that there are NO individual stock examples, as the expected long-term returns of different asset classes are what..." Read more
"...The writing is effusive and accessible, making it a good introductory book and a refresher for bulls and bears alike...." Read more
"...we can build an investment portfolio that is diversified, minimally expensive, and superior to most professionally managed accounts...." Read more
Customers find the book thoroughly readable and entertaining to read, with one customer noting it sets reasonable expectations for the reader.
"...investing books is the breadth of areas covered, and also the writing style which is both "understandable and entertaining"...." Read more
"...The writing is effusive and accessible, making it a good introductory book and a refresher for bulls and bears alike...." Read more
"...this statement, but presently I feel this is one of the top 5 most important books I have read. An absolute game changer...." Read more
"...In an easily readable style understandable by most anyone, The Four Pillars provides an outstanding overview of basic concepts of risk in projecting..." Read more
Customers find the book easy to understand, with one customer noting it is not too basic or technical, while another mentions it is laid out in a very logical way.
"...and simple: With relatively little effort, you can design and assemble an investment portfolio that, because of its wide diversification and minimal..." Read more
"...The writing is clear, simple to understand and well supported by the many studies cited...." Read more
"...in this book is generally not complicated, and there is little math involved...." Read more
"...and abstruse, and explains them in a way which makes everything easy to understand for anyone with a basic knowledge of investing...." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's broad scope, noting its wide diversification and enough depth to meet their needs.
"...What sets this book apart from other investing books is the breadth of areas covered, and also the writing style which is both "understandable and..." Read more
"...little effort we can build an investment portfolio that is diversified, minimally expensive, and superior to most professionally managed accounts...." Read more
"...The book covers a wide range of topics, from the history of finance to the mechanics of investing, and includes practical advice on how to implement..." Read more
"...But today a lot of alternative investments, which are great diversifiers (meaning having very low correlation to equities) can be accessed through..." Read more
Customers find the book engaging and entertaining, with one customer noting that it makes learning about investing a pleasure.
"...and also the writing style which is both "understandable and entertaining"...." Read more
"...The author writes in a clear and engaging style, making complex concepts easy to understand...." Read more
"...Now, some of the research is fun at times...." Read more
"...other gift: he is a very entertaining writer, and makes learning about investing a pleasure...." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's coverage of costs and market efficiency.
"...The four pillars include: asset allocation, market efficiency, behavioral finance, and history...." Read more
"...with your commissions and instead achieve your own dreams with low-cost no-load funds from the likes of Vanguard and Fidelity." Read more
"...It focusses on how to obtain good long-term returns and how to minimize expenses, while avoiding risk as much as possible, It also makes clear that..." Read more
"...Does a good job of digging into the costs of more traditional investing." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on March 3, 2013As the title suggests, the author presents within this book four essential pillars of successful investing. Each section of the book is then dedicated to investigating and detailing each of these pillars and they are: 1) Theory 2) History 3) Psychology and 4) Business. The first section on theory, is one which the author calls "the most important part of the book". In his words it "surveys the awesome body of theory and data relevant to everyday investing". This section centers itself around the "fundamental characteristic of any investment is that its return and risk go hand in hand." The second section on History postulates that "an understanding of financial history provides an additional dimension of expertise." The third section, Psychology, is one in which the author surveys the area of "behavioral finance". Where one "learns how to avoid the most common behavioral mistakes and to confront your own dysfunctional investment behavior." Last but not least the last section - Business - exposes how "the modern financial services industry is designed solely to serve itself."
What sets this book apart from other investing books is the breadth of areas covered, and also the writing style which is both "understandable and entertaining". A highly recommended read for any investor regardless of level.
Below are key excerpts from the book, that I found particularly insightful:
1) "The highest returns are obtained by shouldering prudent risk when things look the bleakest."
2) "Most small investors naturally assume that good companies are good stocks, when the opposite is usually true."
3) "Sine you cannot successfully time the market or select individual stocks, asset allocation should be the major focus of your investment strategy. because it is the only factor affecting your investment risk and return that you can control."
4) "Bubbles occur whenever investors begin buying stocks simply because they have been going up."
5) "Buying assets that everyone else has been running from takes more fortitude than most investors can manage. But if you are equal to the task, you will be rewarded."
6) "There are really two behavioral errors operating in the overconfidence playground. The first is the "compartmentalization" of success and failure. We tend to remember those activities, or areas of our portfolios, in which we succeeded an forget about those areas where we didn't...The second is that its far more agreeable to ascribe success to skill than to luck."
7) "By indexing, you are tapping into the most powerful intelligence in the world of finance - the collective wisdom of the market itself."
8) "Rebalancing forces you to be a contrarian - someone who does the opposite of what everyone else is doing. Financial contrarians tend to be wealthier than folks who like to simply follow the crowd."
9) "Risk and return are inextricably enmeshed. Do not expect high returns without frightening risks, and if you desire safety, you must accept low returns."
10) "This book should be seen as a framework to which you'll be continuously adding knowledge."
11) "The overarching message of this book is at once powerful and simple: With relatively little effort, you can design and assemble an investment portfolio that, because of its wide diversification and minimal expense, will prove superior to most professionally managed accounts."
- Reviewed in the United States on October 9, 2017Bernstein is a skeptical realist when it comes to investing: we can never really expect to do fabulously, because in order to do so one must shoulder extraordinary risk. The first pillar, The Theory of Investing, I found to be the most useful. Here the author schools us in the relationship between risk and reward of various types of asset classes. Bonds, and their historical precedents, prestiti, in the Venetian republic, and consuls, in France, serve to illustrate the considerable risks of holding long-term debt instruments. The solution is short-term loans, and for the rest of the book this becomes ingrained in the reader. As nations rise and fall risks, and returns, of holding debt change in the inverse. The lesson here is don't expect high interest rates in advanced economies. Which leaves us looking to stocks as the growth drivers of our portfolios.
I found the remaining three pillars, history, psychology, and business of investing to be less useful and covered well elsewhere. By now everyone has heard the mantra, don't try to beat the market, minimize costs, buy index funds. Bernstein repeats these recommendations. But one thing is interesting. If, as the author maintains, conventional wisdom is usually wrong, then should the (current) conventional wisdom to "buy the market" and index be questioned? I don't have the answer to that. Also, with stocks, the only safe period is 20 years or more, as the author illustrates. It might be unrealistic to expect today's late-saving Boomers to make up for lost time with a heavy stock allocation in their portfolios if they are looking at just a decade or less before retirement. Curiously, this long time horizon for stocks would seem to counter the author's contention that only value stocks can be expected to have a higher return. In the short-term, yes, but if we are investing in stocks for the long term I am not so sure it makes sense to mostly focus on value stocks.
This brings us back to short-term debt instruments and how crucial they can be to minimizing next egg catastrophe. But they are boring and have very low return. But maybe that is the point: if you find investing exciting, you are probably doing it wrong. The most important decision you can make is asset allocation. Bernstein does an excellent job illustrating some example asset allocations for some fictional investors at different ages. and points in their careers. This is emphasized so strongly that there are NO individual stock examples, as the expected long-term returns of different asset classes are what is important in constructing a portfolio.
Top reviews from other countries
- NiranmojoReviewed in Canada on March 6, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Take the advice and laugh in retirement
A book deep on the behavioural side of investing. Scholarly writing yet easy to understand. Maybe not a book for the beginners of personal finance. However a book for the intermediaries of investing and even the pro’s should read this book. Build and solidify your investment portfolio with wisdom form this book.
A book worth re-reading.
-
Manuel P.S.Reviewed in Spain on September 6, 2013
5.0 out of 5 stars Lectura imprescindible
Lo he leído con 44 años, me hubiera gustado haberlo leído con 30.
Contiene los conceptos clave para convivir con los riesgos habituales de los mercados financieros, permitiendo a su vez invertir a largo plazo con bastante seguridad y con una rentabilidad razonable
- Papadogiannis AgisilaosReviewed in Germany on February 28, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Read this book before invest in the markets
One of the best introductory books on stock market investing. Covers the basics of stock (and bond) valuation as well as asset allocation to maximize the risk adjusted return in the long run.
- JulieReviewed in the United Kingdom on October 29, 2022
5.0 out of 5 stars One of my favorite personal finance books!
I loved this book. Bernstein writes in a digestible and humourous language that is highly engaging. Great for people who have already read personal finance books and wants one that goes into more depth with asset allocation. Bernstein outlines the four pillars necessary to set up an effective investment strategy; investment theory, history, psychology and the business of investing. I also like how he strongly warns against the conflicts of interest inherent in the brokerage space, takes a long-term view of investing and recommends actual indexes across asset classes.
He highlights that the most important thing to decide before investing is your risk tolerance (to avoid shunning stocks forever after a downturn) and that a low valuation implies higher future returns (and vice versa) as well as the benefits of being a contrarian investor (rebalance out of asset classes when valuations are high and putting more money in the market when valuations are low and the economic outlook dim). He encourages you to continue learning about the history of the markets to give you a fighting chance of recognizing when asset classes have become absurdly expensive and risky when they have become too depressed and cheap to pass up. He also provides some suggested further readings that I’ve added to my reading list.
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Paulo EmílioReviewed in Brazil on January 24, 2022
5.0 out of 5 stars Livro bastante didático
O livro detalha bem os 4 pilares básicos para se tornar um investidor de sucesso. Fala do histórico, fala da psicologia, fala do nosso maior inimigo ( nós mesmos) e fala como devemos usar tudo isso para construir um portfólio forte para aguentar tudo isso.